With the emergence of new fluorescent agents enabling tissue and disease biomarker specificity, it is now possible to image distinct cellular and sub-cellular processes associated with normal and diseased tissue in-vivo in intact tissues. The capacity to differentiate multiple tissue biomarkers by imaging at several distinct wavelength bands grants fluorescence imaging the potential to become a method of choice in preclinical treatment evaluation protocols or clinically as a method to follow up treatment in select organs, for example breast cancer or various skin cancers.
Photographic methods have been the mainstay for fluorescence and bioluminescence macroscopy in whole animals, but emphasis is shifting to photonic methods that use tomographic principles to noninvasively image optical contrast at depths of several millimeters to centimeters with high sensitivity and resolution.
Traditionally, simple photographic methods often lead to erroneous observations as they do not account for the non-linear dependence of photon strength on tissue optical properties and on the fluorescence activity depth. Fluorescence tomography however offers depth discrimination, significantly more accurate quantification and superior detection sensitivity.
While FMT is now accepted as an emerging method in optical imaging, it still suffers from limited resolution and the lack of anatomical information.